AN OVERVIEW AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT OF DEMOCRACY AND INNER POLITICAL SYSTEM AS A PART OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN "THE LAW OF PEOPLES" BY JOHN RAWLS AND "TOWARD PERPETUAL PEACE" BY IMMANUEL KANT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24919/2522-4700.46.4Keywords:
Rawls, Kant, democracy, international relations, state, power.Abstract
Summary. The purpose of the article is to compare the attitude towards the role of democracy in the context of its role in international relations in accordance with its reflection in two significant philosophical concepts of international relations, namely John Rawls's "Law of peoples" and Immanuel Kant's "Towards perpetual peace" preceding it. The author pays attention to the historical experience of both philosophers in the context of both personal and global scale. Therefore, in the work, the author reviewed the issue of reflecting the role of the concept of democracy and the internal state system in the context of international relations from several perspectives, which made it possible to create several vectors for further research on the issue. The task of the research is the structural analysis of two works and the study of other works relevant to the purpose of the research. When conducting research on the specified question, general scientific and special scientific methods of cognition were used, in particular, comparative, analysis, explanation and deduction. The scientific novelty. For the first time, the state and development of the attitude to democracy in the context of international relations was analyzed and compared in the works of John Rawls and Immanuel Kant. A synthesis of the Ukrainian translation and analysis of a part of John Rawls' "Law of peoples" was carried out. Conclusions. Based on the results of the review of the concepts of democracy and the state system in the writings of both authors, it is possible to draw the following conclusion: "Law of peoples" developed the vision of international relations reflected by Kant in "Towards perpetual peace". Including by expanding the role of the concepts of democracy and the people. Given the current state of international tension, these issues require further theoretical and practical awareness and study not only in the context of social philosophy, but also in other, more applied fields of humanitarian knowledge, which can be done by studying the "Rights of Peoples" in the context of domestic science.
References
1. Bernstein, A. R. (2009). Kant, Rawls, and Cosmopolitanism: “Toward Perpetual Peace” and “The Law of Peoples.” Jahrbuch Für Recht Und Ethik / Annual Review of Law and Ethics, 17, 3–52. http://www.jstor.org/ stable/43593969 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-48684-7
2. Caranti, L. (2018). The Word ‘Democracy’ in Kant’s Political Writings. In M. Hulshof & M. Rancan de Azevedo Marques (Eds.), A linguagem em kant, a linguagem de Kant (pp. 199–214). essay, São Paulo, Brazil: Editora UNESP. Retrieved 2022, from https://books.scielo.org/id/kj9vm DOI: https://doi.org/10. 36311/2018.978-85-7249-010-8 (Caranti, L., 2018)
3. Kant, I., & Wood, A. (1996). Toward perpetual peace (1795). In M. Gregor (Ed.), Practical Philosophy (The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant, pp. 311-352). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511813306.012 URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/ books/abs/practical-philosophy/toward-perpetual-peace-1795/60398614F441B C660CE7BA143BC10F58
4. NATO. (1949). The North Atlantic Treaty. Retrieved February 8, 2023, from https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_17120.htm
5. Nozick R. (2013). Anarchy, State, and utopia. New York, NY: Basic Books.
6. Pogge, T., & Kosch, M. (2007). John Rawls: His life and theory of justice. Oxford University Press.
7. Rawls, J. (2003). The law of peoples. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.
8. Rawls, J. (1999). A theory of justice. Oxford University Press.
9. Saint-Pierre, A. (1713). Projet pour rendre La Paix perpétuelle en Europe Antoine Schouten.
10. United Nations. (1946). UN Charter Preamble. United Nations. Retrieved February 8, 2023, from https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter/ preamble
