TRANSCENDENTISM AS A FACTOR OF SAMENESS OF AXIOLOGICAL AND ETHICAL PROBLEMATICS IN WESTERN EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHY

Abstract

Summary. The purpose of the article is to substantiate transcendentism as an affecting factor of the sameness of axiological and ethical problematics in western European philosophy, starting from the ancient philosophy to the beginning of the XX century. Methodological basis of the research is the paradigmatic approach to the specifics of the development of the historical and philosophical process, which is combined with a genealogical method, the methods of conceptual analysis, problem-categorical analysis, and historicalphilosophical reconstruction. Scientific novelty. The concept of the identification of axiological and ethical problematics in western European philosophy based on the paradigm of transcendentism is developed in the article. It is substantiated that the transcendentism in western European philosophy, which develops in the philosophical systems beginning from antiquity, creates the basis for the identification of several axiological and ethical concepts, in particular axiological ones – “value”, “ideal”, and ethical – “good”, “happiness”. As a result, the axiological sphere is included in ethics and is not differentiated as a stand-alone science. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of the main ideas of philosophers, the identification of axiology and ethics in western European philosophy happens on the semantic level, which has the worldview origins. In particular, the sameness of axiological (value, ideal) and ethical (good, happiness) values in western European philosophy is based on the paradigm of transcendentism. The latter, in its turn, is based on the idea of the presence of a higher reality that exists ontologically, is true, and possesses the highest degrees of qualities of things, it is a good, a value, and an ideal. Due to such view, a human being cannot build axiological and gnoseological systems independently, cannot be a “creator” of values and truth, but therefore can only join and develop the already existing truths, value systems, and ideals that have the transcendental origin.