THE WORLD OUTLOOK OF THE RULES OF READING THE QURAN (IDGAM) IN THE KIRAATS KISAI AND ASIM

Abstract

Summary. One of the most widely used rules in reciting the Qur’an is idgam. Idgam is the reading of one letter in conjunction with another. Idgam is divided into two parts, “idgamul-kabir” and “idgamussagir”. If the first mudgam letter is in motion, the resulting idgam is called idgamul-kabir (big idgam). In the Holy Qur’an due to the large number of examples of this type of idgam, or the fact that the moving letter is read quietly before the idgam, or the difficulty of its application this idgam is called idgamul-kabir. When the first mudgam letter is calm and the second mudgamun fih letter is in motion, is called idgamus-sagir (small idgam). The reason why this type of idgam is called idgamus-sagir is that it is easier to apply, or that its examples in the Holy Qur’an are less common than idgamul-kabir. Idgamus-sagir itself is divided into three parts: Vajib, Mumtani and Jaiz. Abu Bakr Asim ibn Abin- Najud ibn Bahdala Al-Asadi al-Kufi (d. 127/745) and Abul-Hasan Ali ibn Hamza ibn Abdullah al-Kisai al-Kufi (d. 189/805), who were representatives of the Kufa school of recitation, in their recitations, they used the permissible Jaiz type of idgamus-sagir. In this type of idgamus-sagir, the mudgam and mudgamun fih, which are the sides of the idgam, can be mutamasil, mutajanis, and mutagarib letters. Even if these letters are in the same word or in separate words, the idgam that occurs in both cases is idgamus-sagir. It should be noted that the main purpose of idagam is to facilitate pronunciation. The imams of both kiraat are representatives of the kufi school of kiraat. The isnads of their qiraats are authentic (sahih), that is, with the help of the Companions they reach the Prophet Muhammad. Now the qiraat of Imam Asim is considered the most widespread in the world, because it is easy to use. The history of the development of the rules for reading the Qur’an also speaks of the formation of the necessary worldview foundations of this process, since the very faith in the holy stimulated work on improving the process of studying and assimilating this holy book.