PHILOSOPHYCAL ANTHROPOLOGY OF MARTIN BUBER AS THE REVISION OF KANT’S PHILOSOPHY

Abstract

Purpose. In the article is analyzed the key ideas of philosophical-anthropological project by Martin Buber through the prism of reception and revision Kant’s philosophy. Methodology. In the article are used analytical-synthetic, logical and comparative methods, as well as analytical hermeneutics of texts by I. Kant and M. Buber, revealed the elements and ideas which either directly borrowed by M. Buber from I. Kant or formed under the influence of his philosophy. Scientific novelty. In the article is affirmed that the Kant’s philosophical program dispelled the temptation of speculative metaphysics in matters of space, time and God, opening for M. Buber the way to the serious philosophical study of Bible heritage and laying the groundwork for his own philosophy of dialogue. Relying mainly on Kant’s concept of space and time as forms of sensory intuition, the existentialist philosopher argues that the world of life in his daily life is conditioned by embodied human nature, and at the same time tries to identify the consequences of this idea for self-realization of man and religion which Kant – rationalist could not understand. Instead of a rational system of responsibilities, M. Buber proposed a dialogical life, which presupposes the presence of a whole person for another, as an embodied realization of his spirit. Man realizes himself through his own presence-in-the-world in its fullness, in relationships with others-in-the-world, and imitating God according to the Jewish tradition, which created and loves “embodied existence” teaching mankind how to realize the divine plan within this, created and embodied existence. Conclusions. The purpose of M. Buber’s philosophical anthropology is to develop the human concept as the creature who able to realize through the own everyday living in time and space the eternal and outline the conditions of dialogical thinking possibility in the sphere of interpersonal (І – You) as the social space of dialogical human interaction and in space of realization God in human beings.