THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN “NATURE SCIENCES” AND “SCIENCES OF SPIRIT” IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY AS A BASIS OF FORMING THE UNITY OF THE HUMANITARIAN AND NATURAL KNOWLEDGE

Abstract

The distinction between “nature sciences” and “sciences of spirit”, which was carried out within the philosophical tradition of the late nineteenth – early twentieth century, is traditionally analyzed in order to substantiate the identity of both the subject of study and the methodology of the humanitarian sciences. The objective of the article is to highlight the views of theorists of this distinction in the context of justification for their fundamental unity of these sciences. The research task is to analyze the works of W. Windelband, W. Dilthey and H. Rickert, which deal with the difference between humanities and natural sciences, as those that justify the fundamental unity of these types of knowledge. The methodology of the study is formed by the basics of hermeneutic and holistic analysis in combination with the methods of reflexive and critical reading. The scientific novelty of the study is to explore the philosophical works of W. Windelband, W. Dilthey and H. Rickert in the context of philosophers substantiation of the fundamental unity of natural sciences and humanities, their corresponding forms of knowledge and culture as an urgent need in formation of innovation culture as ideological and methodological basis of innovation society. Conclusions. Within the conducted research it was established that in the works of W. Windelband, W. Dilthey and H. Rickert there is no proof of the fundamental opposition of natural and human sciences. The separation of two types of scientific knowledge – natural and humanitarian – is carried out in order to justify the similarity of scientific research, which is due to the existential integrity of the world and human. Establishment of the unity of humanitarian and natural knowledge and the corresponding forms of culture is an urgent need in the formation of an innovation society, which confirms the relevance of this study.